丙戊酸

摘要明确说明丙戊酸胆碱离子液体局部应用不引起皮肤刺激

The abstract states that topical application of VPA-IL does not cause skin irritation.

丙戊酸仅作为口服阳性对照，未研究其皮肤刺激作用

Valproic acid was used only as an oral positive control; skin irritation was not studied for this ingredient.

系统综述提及丙戊酸的致畸性，但暴露途径为口服系统性用药

The systematic review mentions teratogenicity of valproic acid, but the exposure route is oral systemic administration.

动物实验显示妊娠期丙戊酸暴露导致后代自闭症样行为，但为动物高剂量，人体相关性待证

Animal study shows prenatal valproic acid exposure leads to autism-like behaviors in offspring, but at high doses in animals; human relevance needs confirmation.

该研究显示丙戊酸单药治疗在妊娠期暴露与主要先天性畸形风险增加相关，且呈剂量依赖性，但暴露途径为口服系统性用药

This study shows that valproic acid monotherapy exposure during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of major congenital malformations in a dose-dependent manner, but the exposure route is oral systemic administration.

该试验中丙戊酸被错误分类为非致畸物（假阴性），提示在该模型下未显示致畸性，但模型本身有局限性

In this assay, valproic acid was misclassified as a non-teratogen (false negative), indicating no teratogenicity in this model, but the model has limitations.

综述确认丙戊酸是人类致畸剂，暴露于妊娠期导致主要畸形风险增加约3倍，但暴露途径为口服系统性用药

The review confirms valproic acid as a human teratogen, with exposure during pregnancy increasing the risk of major malformations by approximately 3-fold, but the exposure route is oral systemic administration.

该综述提及丙戊酸在神经管闭合时暴露可复制自闭症特征，但仅为机制讨论，无直接人体证据

This review mentions that valproic acid exposure at the time of neural tube closure can replicate features of autism, but it is only a mechanistic discussion without direct human evidence.

综述明确指出丙戊酸具有致畸性，包括1-3%的神经管缺陷风险，但暴露途径为口服系统性用药

The review clearly states that valproic acid is teratogenic, including a 1-3% risk of neural tube defects, but the exposure route is oral systemic administration.

该研究仅从分子机制探讨丙戊酸通过抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶导致出生缺陷，无直接暴露于人体的证据

This study only explores the molecular mechanism by which valproic acid causes birth defects through inhibition of histone deacetylase, with no direct human exposure evidence.

摘要明确说明局部应用VPA-IL未引起皮肤刺激或全身毒性，证实无皮肤刺激风险。

The abstract explicitly states that topical application of VPA-IL did not cause skin irritation or systemic toxicity, confirming no skin irritation risk.