咖啡因

皮肤屏障挑战后未观察到皮肤刺激，咖啡因作为渗透标记物，未显示刺激性。

No skin irritation observed after barrier challenge; caffeine used as penetration marker, no irritation.

在小鼠中未观察到刺激效应，咖啡因作为模型药物，未显示刺激性。

No irritating effects observed in mice; caffeine as model drug, no irritation.

在人体试验中未检测到皮肤刺激，咖啡因作为渗透标记物，未显示刺激性。

No skin irritation detected in human trial; caffeine used as penetration marker, no irritation observed.

体外皮肤刺激试验显示载体温和，咖啡因作为模型药物未显示刺激性，且体内未见刺激。

In vitro skin irritation test showed mild nature of vehicles; caffeine as model drug did not show irritation, and no irritation in vivo.

体外和体内试验均显示咖啡银皮提取物无眼刺激性，咖啡因作为成分之一，未发现风险。

In vitro and in vivo tests showed coffee silverskin extracts were not irritant; caffeine as a component did not show risk.

计算机预测显示绿咖啡果提取物中的主要化合物（包括咖啡因）无皮肤致敏性。

In silico prediction indicated no skin sensitization potential for major compounds including caffeine.

咖啡因在光毒性试验中PIF<2，被认为无潜在光毒性。

Caffeine showed PIF <2 in the phototoxicity test, considered potentially non-phototoxic.

综述指出咖啡因与黑色素瘤风险降低相关，而非光毒性；未提供咖啡因具有光毒性的证据。

The review states that caffeine is associated with a lower risk of melanoma, not phototoxicity; no evidence of caffeine phototoxicity is provided.

咖啡因在5 µmol/L浓度下减少5-甲氧基补骨脂素诱导的光毒性，表明咖啡因具有光保护作用而非光毒性。

Caffeine at 5 µmol/L reduces 5-methoxypsoralen-induced phototoxicity, indicating a photoprotective effect rather than phototoxicity.

研究咖啡因对紫外线照射后DNA修复的影响，但未评估咖啡因本身的光毒性，仅作为工具试剂探讨DNA修复机制。

The study investigates caffeine's effect on DNA repair after UV irradiation, but does not assess caffeine's own phototoxicity; caffeine is used as a tool reagent to explore DNA repair mechanisms.

孕期大鼠口服咖啡因导致胎儿宫内生长受限和HPA轴发育异常，但为动物高剂量口服暴露，外用剂量相关性需谨慎。

Prenatal oral caffeine in rats caused IUGR and HPA axis dysfunction, but animal high-dose oral exposure, relevance to topical use needs caution.

斑马鱼胚胎试验显示咖啡因具有胚胎毒性和致畸性，但为体外模型，需谨慎外推至人体。

Zebrafish embryo assay showed caffeine is embryotoxic and teratogenic, but in vitro model requires caution in extrapolation.

综述指出流行病学研究结果不一致，动物高剂量致畸，但人体证据不足，且无咖啡因致畸综合征。

Review states epidemiological findings inconsistent, animal high-dose teratogenic, but human evidence insufficient, no caffeine teratogenic syndrome.

FETAX试验显示咖啡因是中等致畸剂，但为两栖动物体外模型，人体相关性有限。

FETAX showed caffeine is a moderate teratogen, but amphibian in vitro model has limited relevance to humans.

讨论药代动力学物种差异，提及咖啡因可能致畸，但未提供直接证据。

Discusses pharmacokinetic species differences, mentions caffeine as possible teratogen but no direct evidence.

综述指出咖啡因与致畸性无关，未发现孕期风险。

Review states caffeine is not associated with teratogenicity, no pregnancy risk found.

综述指出咖啡因在高剂量下对哺乳动物有致畸活性，但低剂量无致突变性，剂量依赖性。

Review states caffeine has teratogenic activity at very high doses in mammals, but not mutagenic at lower doses, dose-dependent.

该研究显示咖啡因未诱导小鼠精子异常，表明无生殖毒性证据。

Caffeine did not induce sperm abnormalities in mice, indicating no reproductive toxicity.

该综述讨论咖啡因的生物学作用（如抗氧化、抗脂肪）和经皮渗透，未提供安全风险证据。

This review discusses caffeine's biological activities and skin penetration, but does not provide evidence for safety risks.