生物素

人体皮肤刺激测试表明含生物素的乳液安全，无刺激

Human skin irritation test showed that biotin-containing emulsion is safe and causes no irritation.

研究生物素缺乏对皮肤的影响，但未直接测试生物素本身的皮肤刺激风险，而是探讨缺乏导致的间接效应

Study investigates effects of biotin deficiency on skin, but does not directly test skin irritation risk of biotin itself; rather explores indirect effects of deficiency.

基于大量人体暴露数据，生物素在化妆品中使用浓度下无刺激或致敏证据

Based on extensive human exposure data, biotin at cosmetic use concentrations shows no evidence of irritation or sensitization.

空白及载药纳米胶束均无细胞毒性，且不改变炎症因子表达，表明生物素化前药制剂无眼刺激风险

Both blank and prodrug-loaded nanomicelles showed no cytotoxicity and did not alter cytokine expression, indicating no ocular irritation risk from the biotinylated prodrug formulation

该文献研究全氟辛酸（PFOA）的生殖毒性，生物素仅作为示踪剂（红色生物素荧光）用于检测血睾屏障完整性，并非研究生物素本身的孕期风险。

This article studies the reproductive toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); biotin is only used as a tracer (red biotin fluorescence) to assess blood-testis barrier integrity, not to study biotin's own pregnancy risk.

该文献提及高剂量生物素在一种物种中具有致畸性，但证据有限；主要关注多发性硬化治疗，孕期风险非主要终点。

This article mentions teratogenicity of high-dose biotin in one species, but evidence is limited; it primarily focuses on multiple sclerosis treatment, and pregnancy risk is not the main endpoint.

该研究证实母鼠边缘生物素缺乏导致胎鼠畸形（腭裂、小颌、小舌、肢体发育不全），且畸形率与缺乏程度相关。但为动物高剂量证据，人体相关性需谨慎解读。

This study confirms that marginal maternal biotin deficiency causes fetal malformations (cleft palate, micrognathia, microglossia, limb hypoplasia) in mice, with malformation rate correlated with deficiency severity. However, it is animal high-dose evidence; human relevance requires cautious interpretation.

该研究显示约50%孕妇存在边缘生物素缺乏（通过3-HIA排泄增加判断），补充生物素可降低3-HIA，提示孕期生物素需求增加；但未直接证明生物素缺乏导致人类致畸，仅提出潜在致畸担忧。

This study shows that about 50% of pregnant women have marginal biotin deficiency (indicated by increased 3-HIA excretion), and biotin supplementation reduces 3-HIA, suggesting increased biotin demand during pregnancy; however, it does not directly prove that biotin deficiency causes human teratogenicity, only raises potential concern.

该综述提出孕妇边缘生物素缺乏可能致畸，但证据为间接（来自多维生素补充研究分析），且未提供直接人体证据。

This review suggests that marginal biotin deficiency in pregnant women may be teratogenic, but the evidence is indirect (from analysis of multivitamin supplementation study) and lacks direct human evidence.

该文献研究芳烃受体核转位蛋白（ARNT）在小鼠胚胎中的表达模式，生物素仅作为检测系统（亲和素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物）的一部分，并非研究生物素本身的孕期风险。

This article studies the expression pattern of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) in mouse embryos; biotin is only used as part of the detection system (avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex), not to study biotin's own pregnancy risk.

该综述提及生物素影响基因表达和星形胶质细胞葡萄糖利用，但未直接研究生物素的孕期风险或致畸性。

This review mentions that biotin influences gene expression and astrocyte glucose utilization, but does not directly study biotin's pregnancy risk or teratogenicity.

该研究证实母鼠生物素缺乏导致胎鼠畸形（小颌、腭裂、短肢），补充生物素可预防。但为动物高剂量证据，人体相关性需谨慎解读。

This study confirms that maternal biotin deficiency causes fetal malformations (micrognathia, cleft palate, micromelia) in mice, and biotin supplementation prevents them. However, it is animal high-dose evidence; human relevance requires cautious interpretation.

该文献研究生物素纳米凝胶促进伤口愈合，未提及任何安全风险（如刺激或致敏），且结论为促进愈合、减少炎症，因此判定为无风险。

The study investigates biotin nanogel for wound healing; no safety risks (e.g., irritation or sensitization) are mentioned, and the conclusion indicates enhanced healing and reduced inflammation, thus negative for risk.

该文献证实生物素可经皮吸收，但未提及任何安全风险（如刺激或致敏），且结论为吸收良好，无不良反应，因此判定为无风险。

The study demonstrates percutaneous absorption of biotin without any mention of safety risks (e.g., irritation or sensitization); conclusion indicates good absorption with no adverse effects, thus negative for risk.